How ebb and flow (flood and drain) hydroponics works, how often and how long to flood, which media to use, and how to avoid algae and salt build-up.
Grow Food Indoors, Guided by Plant Science
Evidence-based guides for home growers
Evidence-based guides for home growers
Latest Guides
PPM to EC Conversion: 500 vs 700 Scale Explained (With Table)
Formulas and tables to convert ppm to EC on the 500, 650 and 700 scales, and why temperature and calibration change your readings.
How nutrient film technique works, the 1-4% slope and 10 L/h-per-plant flow Cornell recommends, which crops suit NFT, and how to avoid leaks and warm water.
How to Lower pH in Hydroponics Safely (and How Much Acid to Add)
Which acids lower hydroponic pH, why vinegar and lime juice fall short, how water alkalinity sets the dose, and an 8-step method that avoids overshooting.
Hydroponic EC Chart: EC and pH Ranges for 20 Food Crops (With PPM)
EC and pH ranges for 20 hydroponic food crops from extension data, with ppm on the 500 and 700 scales and how to use them.
Deep Water Culture (DWC) for Beginners: Setup, Air and Water Temperature
How deep water culture (DWC) works, what you need, a 7-step setup, and the oxygen and water temperature targets that prevent root rot.